April jobs report: Finally, some relief

Market response

May 3, 2024 | 2 min read
Seema Shah
Chief Global Strategist
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For the first time in several months, the jobs report brought relief to markets. Payroll gains dropped from above 300,000 to 175,000 in April, below market expectations, while average hourly earnings growth moderated further. This downside surprise will bring the rate cutting dialogue back into the market. Of course, this is only one data point. Today’s weaker numbers need to mark the start of a new slower trend across a broad set of economic and inflation data before multiple rate cuts can seriously be back on the agenda.

Non-farm payrolls
Thousands, January 2022–present

Monthly Non-farm payrolls and 3-month moving average since January 2022
Source: Clearnomics, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bloomberg, Principal Asset Management. Data as of May 3, 2024.

Report details:

  • Total non-farm payrolls increased by 175,000 in April, the smallest gain since last October, and down from 315,000 last month. Today’s report also marks the first time this year that payrolls have surprised to the downside. Note though that, as pre-COVID a 150,000 number would have been considered consistent with a robust U.S. economy, the slowdown in payroll gains to 175,000 should not be ringing any recession alarm bells.
  • The unemployment rate rose from 3.8% to 3.9%, despite the participation rate remaining unchanged in April.
  • Job growth slowed significantly in leisure and hospitality, dropping from an average monthly gain of 40,000 in the past three months to just 5,000 in April. Health and private education accounted for over half the monthly gain in payrolls, suggesting that cyclical sectors felt the main brunt of slower hiring.
  • Monthly average hourly earnings growth dipped from 0.3% in March to 0.2% in April, below expectations. This brought the annual rate down to 3.9%, the lowest reading since June 2021.

Policy outlook

A number of analysts are now noting that a July rate cut from the Fed may be back on the table. Yet, as always, it is important not to over-emphasize one month’s data. Today’s employment data paints a picture of a loosening labor market, rather than the sharply weaker labor market that is likely necessary to prompt Fed officials to cut rates as soon as July.

Our own forecast is for the first rate cut in the U.S. to come in September. However, there is significant uncertainty around the timing of that first Fed loosening. Persuasive evidence of slowing inflation, as well as a cooling labor market, will be required to convince the Fed to cut just ahead of the Presidential election. The next big data point is the CPI print, out on May 15.

Macro views
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